1
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahidan panjwin Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, IRAQ.
2
Hawler Medical University
10.22038/psj.2026.92182.1504
Abstract
Background: Accurate estimation of blood loss during caesarean section (C/S) and rapid intervention is an essential way for the management of obstetric haemorrhage. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of the visual guide and the anaesthetist's eyeball estimation methods compared to the gravimetric method during elective C/S. Patients and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from January 01, 2021, to November 01, 2021. A convenience sample of 100 women of elective C/S was included. Blood loss was estimated using the anaesthetist's eyeball method, visual guide pictogram, and gravimetric method. The collected data were analysed and used to compare the different techniques. Results: There was a strong, significant correlation between each of the three practised methods for estimation of the blood loss during C/S (p<0.001). The mean of estimated blood loss by the gravimetric method (433.8±184.5 mL) was significantly (p≤0.05) less than the estimated means by the anaesthetist (492.5±188.2 mL) and by the visual guide estimation (478±185.2 mL). Conclusions: The visual guide method and anaesthetist eyeball estimation closely approximate blood measurement by the gravimetric method. Although the visual guide method and anaesthetist eyeball method were slightly higher than the gravimetric measurement of blood loss, this difference is unlikely to have led to errors in clinical judgment, such as over-transfusion or unrecognised massive maternal haemorrhage. The visual estimation of blood loss is a simple, fast, and readily available method for the initial evaluation of blood loss in C/S delivery.
Al Swrameri, E. Ahmed Abas and Alalaf, S. (2026). Validity of Gravimetric Measurement, Visual Guide Method, and Anesthesiologist Eyeball Visual Estimation of Blood Loss During Caesarian Section. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, (), -. doi: 10.22038/psj.2026.92182.1504
MLA
Al Swrameri, E. Ahmed Abas, and Alalaf, S. . "Validity of Gravimetric Measurement, Visual Guide Method, and Anesthesiologist Eyeball Visual Estimation of Blood Loss During Caesarian Section", Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, , , 2026, -. doi: 10.22038/psj.2026.92182.1504
HARVARD
Al Swrameri, E. Ahmed Abas, Alalaf, S. (2026). 'Validity of Gravimetric Measurement, Visual Guide Method, and Anesthesiologist Eyeball Visual Estimation of Blood Loss During Caesarian Section', Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, (), pp. -. doi: 10.22038/psj.2026.92182.1504
CHICAGO
E. Ahmed Abas Al Swrameri and S. Alalaf, "Validity of Gravimetric Measurement, Visual Guide Method, and Anesthesiologist Eyeball Visual Estimation of Blood Loss During Caesarian Section," Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, (2026): -, doi: 10.22038/psj.2026.92182.1504
VANCOUVER
Al Swrameri, E. Ahmed Abas, Alalaf, S. Validity of Gravimetric Measurement, Visual Guide Method, and Anesthesiologist Eyeball Visual Estimation of Blood Loss During Caesarian Section. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement, 2026; (): -. doi: 10.22038/psj.2026.92182.1504
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