A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on BMI and Comorbidities: Sleeve Gastrectomy versus Gastric Bypass

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 MBChB, MSc, PhD in community Medicine- Branch of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani , Iraq

2 MBChB, HDGS, FIBMS, MRCS (glasg.), PDF in HPB - Branch of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani, Iraq

3 4th year medical student, University of Suleimani, College of medicine University of Suleimani, Iraq

4 4th year medical student, University of Suleimani, College of medicineUniversity of Suleimani, Iraq

10.22038/psj.2025.92299.1505

Abstract

Introduction:
Obesity is a many-sided health problem affecting millions of people around the world, which require interventions to minimize its effect on human’s health and health care system. Bariatric surgery has appeared vital assist for copying with obesity and associated complications, but in-depth understanding of its outcomes and patient’s satisfaction has yet to be developed, especially within our community context.
Objective; To compare the short-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on BMI reduction and resolution of obesity-related comorbidities.
Materials and Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Zhyan Private Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, between December 2023 and April 2024. Data from 226 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were analyzed. Pre- and postoperative BMI, hypertension (HT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v26.0; McNemar’s test was applied for paired categorical outcomes, and Chi-square tests for between-group comparisons.
Results:
 Median BMI reduction was significantly greater in the bypass group (17.49 kg/m²) than in the sleeve group (11.70 kg/m²; p = 0.002). Both procedures produced significant remission of HT (from 40 to 13 cases; p < 0.001) and DM (from 17 to 3 cases; p < 0.001). No significant difference in absolute weight loss was observed between groups (p = 0.15).
Conclusion:
Bariatric surgery, particularly gastric bypass, was associated with marked BMI reduction and comorbidity remission within six months, supporting its role in managing severe obesity and metabolic disease in our population. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement
Volume 14, Issue 2
April 2026
Pages 77-83

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