<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Journal of Patient Safety &amp; Quality Improvement</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title></short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2345-4482</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2345-4490</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>7</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>14</volume>
			<number>3</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Patient Safety:Opportunities and Challenges</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Editorial</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Patient safety is a fundamental dimension of healthcare quality, and reducing medical errors remains a major objective of health systems worldwide (1,2). In recent years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have created new opportunities to improve patient safety across various clinical settings (3,4). Through the analysis of large volumes of healthcare data, identification of hidden patterns, and prediction of potential risks, AI has the potential to support clinical decision-making and reduce preventable adverse events (4,6). Nevertheless, the integration of AI into healthcare practice raises important concerns regarding ethics, data privacy, transparency, and overreliance on automated systems (9,10). This article reviews the potential contributions of AI to patient safety and discusses the challenges that must be addressed to ensure its safe and effective implementation.  ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Artificial intelligence, Patient safety, Medical errors, Clinical Decision Support, Healthcare Quality</keyword>
				<start_page>136</start_page>
				<end_page>138</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27874.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Farahzad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jabbari Azad</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jabbarif@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122549</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Validity of Gravimetric Measurement, Visual Guide Method, and Anesthesiologist Eyeball Visual Estimation of Blood Loss During Caesarian Section</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background:
Accurate estimation of blood loss during caesarean section (C/S) and rapid intervention is an essential way for the management of obstetric hemorrhage. This study was conducted to assess the accuracy of the visual guide and the anesthetist’s eyeball estimation methods compared to the gravimetric method during elective C/S.
 
methods: 
A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from January 01, 2021, to November 01, 2021. A convenience sample of 100 women of elective C/S was included. Blood loss was estimated using the anesthetist’s eyeball method, visual guide pictogram, and gravimetric method. The collected data were analyzed and used to compare the different techniques.
 
Results: 
There was a strong, significant correlation between each of the three practised methods for estimation of the blood loss during C/S (p&lt;0.001). The mean of estimated blood loss by the gravimetric method (433.8±184.5 mL) was significantly (p≤0.05) less than the estimated means by the anaesthetist (492.5±188.2 mL) and by the visual guide estimation (478±185.2 mL).
 
Conclusions: 
The visual guide method and anaesthetist eyeball estimation closely approximate blood measurement by the gravimetric method. Although the visual guide method and anaesthetist eyeball method were slightly higher than the gravimetric measurement of blood loss, this difference is unlikely to have led to errors in clinical judgment, such as over-transfusion or unrecognized massive maternal hemorrhage. The visual estimation of blood loss is a simple, fast, and readily available method for the initial evaluation of blood loss in C/S delivery.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Caesarian section, visual guide method, Blood loss, anaesthetist eyeball method, gravimetric method</keyword>
				<start_page>139</start_page>
				<end_page>146</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27830.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Eman</first_name>
				<middle_name>Ahmed Abas</middle_name>
				<last_name>Al Swrameri</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>driman102@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122360</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shahidan / Panjwin General Hospital, Penjwen District, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Shahla</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Alalaf</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shahla_alaf@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122361</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Examination of electroencephalography (EEG) parameters within 24 hours after the first seizure</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background:
Abnormal EEG is a predictor of seizure relapse. Obtaining data related to the diagnosis and outcome of the first seizure is necessary for improving care for these patients. We aimed to examination of electroencephalography parameters within 24 hours after the first seizure attack.
 
methods: 
This cross-sectional study was done on 91 patients with the first seizure attack who referred to Alavi Hospital in Ardabil in 2023 were included in the study. The necessary information including age, sex, etiology of seizure, type of seizure and routine and stimulation modalities with abnormal waves were collected.
 
Results: 
Of all patients, 47 (51.6%) were men and 44 (48.4%) were women with an average age of 38 years. According to the type of seizure in patients, in 69 cases (75.8%), it was generalized type. Electroencephalography (EEG) findings were reported as normal in 50 cases (54.9%). In patients with abnormal EEG, in 34 patients (82.9%) these waves were found in routine modality, 4 cases (9.8%) in Hyperventilation (HV) modality and other 3 cases (7.3%) in photic stimulation (Ph.S) modality. There was a significant relationship between EEG findings and the etiology as well as the type of seizure.
 
Conclusions: 
The results of this study showed that, in idiopathic cases, the most common EEG finding was normal, whereas in cases of hypoglycemia, the most common finding was non-epileptic abnormal waves. Furthermore, in focal seizures, the most common EEG finding was also non-epileptic abnormal waves.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Electroencephalography, Seizures, Modality, Etiology</keyword>
				<start_page>147</start_page>
				<end_page>153</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27845.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Abolfazl</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Atalu</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>a.atalu@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122421</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Neurology, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ghasem</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Fattahzadeh-Ardalani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>gh.fattahzadeh@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122422</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Neurology, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Danial</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Akbarpouran badr</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>d.akbarpouran@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122423</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Evaluation The Projection Indices in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Optic Neuritis and Its Relationship with The Severity of MS Disease</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background:
The most common type of inflammatory and immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The Rorschach test is one of the most well-known evaluation tools for the assessment of broad and deep personality characteristics such as organization and personality function is among the unconscious defense mechanisms. Evaluation of projection indices of MS patients with optic neuritis and its relationship with MS disease severity.
 
methods: 
The descriptive analytical study was done to evaluate the projection indices on 50 patients with multiple sclerosis who have optic neuritis using the Rorschach test. After examining the clinical history of the patients, those who had no history of psychiatric disorders and whose optic neuritis improved were selected for the study.
 
Results: 
There was a significant difference between age groups in Zest and ZSUM indices, thus patients with age&gt;50 had obtained higher scores. There was a significant difference between men and women in A and Ge indices, thus men had obtained higher scores.
Conclusions: 
Adherence to treatment, quality of life of patients, communication with patients and understanding the risk of treatment are some important clinical issues that are influenced by the personality characteristics of MS patients.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Multiple Sclerosis, Optic neuritis, Rorschach, Projection, Indices</keyword>
				<start_page>155</start_page>
				<end_page>163</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27841.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Abolfazl</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Atalu</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>a.atalu2018@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122409</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Neurology, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mehriar</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nadermohammadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.nadrmohammadi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122410</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Psychology, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Firouz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Amani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>firouz.amani@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122411</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Vejdani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.vejdani@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122412</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>School of medicine, Ardabil university of medical science, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Quality Improvement Project: Driving advice at first seizure consultation in the acute neurology clinic. Study done at Princess Royal University Hospital, United Kingdom</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Brief Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background:
Documentation of driving advice for patients with suspected seizures is essential for patient safety, medico-legal protection, and compliance with DVLA and GMC guidance. A previous audit at Princess Royal University Hospital revealed significant gaps in documentation practices.
 
methods: 
A retrospective reaudit was conducted on 100 consecutive patient records from the acute neurology clinic between January and May 2025. Data were compared with the initial audit conducted from February to August 2024. The key variables assessed included documentation of driving status, DVLA advice, and duration of any advised driving restriction.
 
Results: 
Documentation improved significantly following intervention. Driving status was documented in 93% of cases (up from 65%), and DVLA advice was recorded in 93% (up from 65%). The duration of driving restriction was included in 49% of relevant cases (up from 8%).
 
Conclusions: 
Educational intervention improved documentation of DVLA advice in patients with suspected seizures. However, documentation of restriction duration remains suboptimal. Further improvement may be achieved through system-level changes such as electronic prompts or documentation templates. Continued audit cycles are recommended.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Driving advice, clinical documentation, First Seizure Clinic</keyword>
				<start_page>165</start_page>
				<end_page>168</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27840.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Nethini</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Wijesinghe</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>nethini@gmail.com</email>
				<code>122407</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Neurology, Princess Royal University Hospital, United Kingdom.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Yasser</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Falah</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>y.falah@nhs.net</email>
				<code>122408</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Neurology, Princess Royal University Hospital, United Kingdom.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Incidence and Risk factors for Osteopenia of Prematurity in infants less than 32 weeks in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Research Paper</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background:
This study aimed to determine the incidence and identify risk factors for osteopenia of prematurity in preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation.
 
methods: 
This was a prospective cohort design in infants born before 32 weeks of gestation at Sulaimani Obstetrics and Gynecology Teaching Hospital in Iraq. All infants enrolled in the study were followed longitudinally. The target population included all preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks of gestational age, or weighing &lt;1500g, and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the hospital. Maternal age, parity, pregnancy complications, antenatal steroid use, mod of delivery, Infant factors: gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, respiratory support (need for mechanical ventilation, medications, and nutritional intake were measured. A p-value&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 
Results: 
The overall prevalence of OOP was 21.8%. Infants with OOP had significantly lower gestational age and birth weight (P≤0.001). Prolonged TPN duration (14.58±10.20 vs. 4.47±6.42 days; P≤0.006), delayed enteral feeding initiation (22.50±10.96 vs. 11.42±6.12 days; P≤0.005), and later supplementation (22.75±10.28 vs. 11.21±5.66 days; P≤0.005) were strongly associated with OOP. Higher rates of blood transfusion (83.3% vs. 31%; P≤0.005). Linear regression confirmed that lower gestational age (β=–0.553, P≤0.002), lower birth weight (β=–0.465, P≤0.001), and delayed enteral feeding (β=–0.534, P≤0.001) were significant independent predictors of OOP.
 
Conclusions: 
OOP is prevalent in this cohort and is strongly linked to prematurity severity and postnatal nutritional practices. Early enteral feeding, minimizing prolonged Total parenteral nutrition, and vigilant biochemical monitoring (serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase) are critical preventive strategies. ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Osteopenia of prematurity, preterm infants, Very low birth weight, Enteral feeding, Total parenteral nutrition</keyword>
				<start_page>169</start_page>
				<end_page>181</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27838.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Banan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammed Nazdar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>banan87@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122397</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Alan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Abdullah Abdulrahman</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>122398</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Branch of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Abdominal Wall Abscess Caused by Fish Bone Ingestion: A Case Report</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background:
 Intra-abdominal abscesses are usually caused by infectious, inflammatory, or malignant conditions. In cases with unclear etiology, further evaluation is required.
 
Case Presentation:
A 55-year-old male presented with four weeks of epigastric abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic, avascular subhepatic lesion. The patient received antibiotic therapy. Further evaluation, including assessment for immunodeficiency, revealed no abnormalities. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a linear hyperdense structure, suspicious for a foreign body.
 
Results:
Laparoscopic exploration confirmed a migrated fish bone measuring 3.5 cm within the abscess. The foreign body was successfully removed, and the abscess was drained. The patient showed complete clinical improvement with resolution of symptoms and normalization of inflammatory markers.
 
Conclusion:
In patients with intra-abdominal abscesses of unclear etiology, evaluation for underlying immunodeficiency should be considered. Additionally, although foreign body ingestion is relatively common, its complications—such as migration and abscess formation are rare and should be included in the differential diagnosis when common causes have been excluded.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Abdominal Abscess, Foreign Bodies, Fish Bones</keyword>
				<start_page>183</start_page>
				<end_page>187</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27829.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Sahar</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Fereydouni</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fereydounis4022@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122358</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Farahzad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jabbari Azad</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jabbarif@mums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>122359</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>