<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Journal of Patient Safety &amp; Quality Improvement</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title></short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2345-4482</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2345-4490</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>4</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>14</volume>
			<number>2</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Standardizing Advance Care Planning Documentation During Medicare Wellness Visits in a Primary Care Setting: A Quality Improvement Initiative</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:At our institution, advance care planning (ACP) discussions during Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (MAWVs) were inconsistently documented. While providers often discussed patient wishes, these discussions were often not documented. Standardization of ACP language and documentation provides a foundation to improve communication of patient ACP discussions between outpatient and inpatient settings.Materials and Methods:We conducted a quality improvement (QI) initiative in an academic center aimed at improving ACP documentation. A standardized documentation template was developed and embedded in the electronic medical record (EMR), automatically routing content to the ACP section of the chart.  Four Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles focused on provider education, ACP lecture series, mid-level education and patient education were conducted. Outreach to patients via MyDirectives.com and integration with Chesapeake Regional Information System (CRISP DC), a city-wide health information exchange enabling secure sharing of ACP records across institutions.Results: At baseline, ACP tool utilization was 0%. Following template implementations and PSDA cycles, utilization increased to 12.9% after PDSA 1, 17.8% after PDSA 2, 24.20% after PDSA 3 and 39.70% after PDSA 4. Providers reported improved workflow integration and greater confidence discussing ACP. Documentation also became more visible and accessible across care settings.Conclusion:Implementation of standardized ACP documentation templates in the EMR ensures consistency, clarity and accessibility of patient preferences. Future efforts include implementing the ACP documentation template in inpatient workflows, uploading relevant legal documentation into the EMR, and expanding sharing through regional and nationwide platforms to ensure end-of-life wishes are honored across all points of care.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Advance care planning, Medicare Annual Wellness Visit, Electronic medical record, Quality Improvement, Standardized documentation</keyword>
				<start_page>71</start_page>
				<end_page>76</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27416.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Ronaldo</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Pichardo-Gonzalez</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ronaldopichardo@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120418</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Maryssa</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Miller</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mamiller@mfa.gwu.edu</email>
				<code>120419</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Kirby</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sullivan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>kisullivan@mfa.gwu.edu</email>
				<code>120420</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ashley</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Wong</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>aswong@mfa.gwu.edu</email>
				<code>120421</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Louisa</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Whitesides</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>lwhitesides@mfa.gwu.edu</email>
				<code>120422</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Geriatrics, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Courtney</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Paul</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>cpaul@mfa.gwu.edu</email>
				<code>120423</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on BMI and Comorbidities: Sleeve Gastrectomy versus Gastric Bypass</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Obesity is a many-sided health problem affecting millions of people around the world, which require interventions to minimize its effect on human’s health and health care system. Bariatric surgery has appeared vital assist for copying with obesity and associated complications, but in-depth understanding of its outcomes and patient’s satisfaction has yet to be developed, especially within our community context.Objective; To compare the short-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on BMI reduction and resolution of obesity-related comorbidities.Materials and Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Zhyan Private Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, between December 2023 and April 2024. Data from 226 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were analyzed. Pre- and postoperative BMI, hypertension (HT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v26.0; McNemar’s test was applied for paired categorical outcomes, and Chi-square tests for between-group comparisons.Results: Median BMI reduction was significantly greater in the bypass group (17.49 kg/m²) than in the sleeve group (11.70 kg/m²; p = 0.002). Both procedures produced significant remission of HT (from 40 to 13 cases; p &lt; 0.001) and DM (from 17 to 3 cases; p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference in absolute weight loss was observed between groups (p = 0.15).Conclusion:Bariatric surgery, particularly gastric bypass, was associated with marked BMI reduction and comorbidity remission within six months, supporting its role in managing severe obesity and metabolic disease in our population. ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Obesity, Gastric Bypass, Body mass index, Comorbidity</keyword>
				<start_page>77</start_page>
				<end_page>83</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27510.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Shahow</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Abdulrehman Ezzaddin</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shahow.ezzaddin@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120803</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>MBChB, MSc, PhD in community Medicine- Branch of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani , Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Karzan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Seerwan Abdullah</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>karzan.abdullah@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120804</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>MBChB, HDGS, FIBMS, MRCS (glasg.), PDF in HPB - Branch of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani, Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Warvin</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Farhad Fadhil</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>warvin.05001463@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120805</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>4th year medical student, University of Suleimani, College of medicine University of Suleimani, Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Tina</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ako Jamal</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>tina.05001455@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120806</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>4th year medical student, University of Suleimani, College of medicineUniversity of Suleimani, Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Dina</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Bakr Raheem</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>dina.05001960@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120807</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>4th year medical student, University of Suleimani, College of medicine University of Suleimani, Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The Influences of Multiple Daily Insulin Regimen and Conventional Insulin Regimen on Level of HbA1C in Type 1 Diabetes in Children</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), as a chronic endocrine disorder associated with insulin deficiency and accompanied by hyperglycemia. This study aims to compare the effect of multiple daily insulin regimen (MDI) and conventional insulin regimen (CIR) on HbA1C levels in children with T1DM in terms of glycemic control, complications, and quality of life.Materials and Methods:The proposed study was a retrospective cohort study conducted on 84 children aged between 2-18 years and who attended a hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, in the first half year of 2025. A structured questionnaire collected data on socio-economic status, and health history. The hospital records were used to collect the data required for the study. HbA1C levels, insulin regimen details, frequency/severity of glycemic events, incidence of complications, and adherence and quality of life scores were collected. Statistical significance was set at P&lt;0.05.Results:Although children on MDI showed higher mean HbA1c levels over 12–24 months (74.3% with HbA1c &gt; 9% vs. 63.3% in the CIR group), a larger proportion of MDI users (20% vs. 2%) reported a noticeable decrease in HbA1c after switching to this regimen. Blood glucose monitoring frequency was higher in the MDI group (P&lt;0.001), yet hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia rates were comparable between groups (P&gt;0.703 and P&gt;0.061), respectively. Notably, dietary adherence was suboptimal in both cohorts, and most participants expressed uncertainty regarding regimen ease of use.Conclusion:The current study found that the MDI regimen compared to the CIR regimen was linked to high levels of HbA1c level among young patients with T1DM, therefore, inhibiting the expected superiority of MDI in attaining high-quality glycemic regulation.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Hemoglobin A1C, Multiple daily injections, Conventional insulin regimen, hypoglycemia</keyword>
				<start_page>85</start_page>
				<end_page>95</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27511.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Goran</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammad Ali</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ziwamohammad9@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120808</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional of Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Adnan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammed Hassan</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>adnan.hasan@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120809</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional of Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Assessment of Primiparous Pregnant Women's Knowledge about the Complications of Cesarean Section among Mothers Referred to Health Centers in Ardabil County</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:
The increasing rate of cesarean section is a major public health concern. Despite its benefits in specific conditions, this method leads to increased complications such as infection, bleeding, thromboembolism, and neonatal problems. In Iran, the cesarean rate has been reported to be 3 to 4 times higher than the WHO standard. Lack of sufficient knowledge and incorrect attitudes of pregnant women towards cesarean complications are important reasons for the unnecessary choice of this method, which further reveals the necessity of investigating the knowledge level of this group. To determine the level of knowledge about cesarean section complications among primiparous pregnant women in Ardabil County.
Materials and Methods:
This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 398 primiparous pregnant women referred to Ardabil health centers. Multi-stage cluster sampling was performed. The research tool was an 18-item questionnaire to assess knowledge. A correct answer received one point, and an incorrect or &quot;I don&#039;t know&quot; answer received zero points. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21, using Spearman&#039;s correlation, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression tests.
Results:
The mean knowledge score of women was 11.38 ± 2.67. A significant relationship was observed between knowledge and education, occupation, income, and prenatal education, but no significant relationship was found between knowledge and age or gestational age. According to logistic regression, prenatal education was a predictor of knowledge.
Conclusion:
The study concludes that knowledge levels are insufficient. Implementing targeted prenatal educational programs is crucial to increase awareness and reduce unnecessary cesarean sections.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Cesarean section, Primiparous Pregnant women, Knowledge</keyword>
				<start_page>97</start_page>
				<end_page>106</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27512.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Shahla</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Farzipour</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shahlafarzipour@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120810</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Asdagh</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>z.asdagh@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120811</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Faranak</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jalilvand</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>faranjalil@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120812</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Firouz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Amani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>biostat.f@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120813</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Social Medicine &amp; Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Shayan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Moutab movahedi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shayhan.movahedi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120814</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Evaluation of organ Radiation Doses during Pelvic X-Ray Examinations in Medical Imaging Centers</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[The radiographic examination of the pelvis is a routine procedure in the medical imaging facilities to measure pathological processes like fractures, arthropathy or degenerative disease. However, since X-ray imaging involves the use of ionizing radiation, there is a reasonable possibility of subjecting the sensitive organs of the pelvis, such as the gonads, bladder, rectum and bone marrow to harmful doses of radiation. The current study aimed at determining the levels of organ-specific radiation dose of a cohort of 100 adults who underwent conventional anteroposterior pelvic radiography in three different imaging centers based in Erbil, Iraq. The exposure variables (kVp, mAs, filtration, source-image distance) were measured with a Nomex multimeter and estimates of organ dose were obtained with the PCXMC 2.0 Monte Carlo simulation package. The effective dose rates of the vital organs ranged between 1.04 mSV onto the colon and 3.02 mSV onto the prostate. These findings demonstrate the urgency to unify and align imaging procedures and even guarantee their correspondence to diagnostic reference levels, reducing stochastic threats and preserving diagnostic effectiveness.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Radiation Dose, Pelvic X- ray, Medical Imaging, Organs Dose Assessment, PCXMC 2</keyword>
				<start_page>107</start_page>
				<end_page>113</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27513.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Shanaz</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jamal Mawlood</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shanazshaqlawa12@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120815</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Medical Physics and Clinical Biochemistry, Collage of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ilham Khalid</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ibrahim</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rbes.editor@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120816</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pharmacology, Medical Physics and Clinical Biochemistry, Collage of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region-Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Investigation of Risk Factors for Nephrocalcinosis and Nephrolithiasis in Very Low Birth Weight and Preterm Infants under 32 Weeks at NICU</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:
Nephrocalcinosis is a common complication in premature infants characterized by calcium deposition in the renal parenchyma. Multiple factors contribute to its development and it can lead to both short- and long-term complications. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis in very low birth weight infants born before 32 weeks gestation at Alavi and Bu-Ali Hospitals in Ardabil.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, a total of 120 premature infants (30 cases and 90 controls) with gestational age less than 32 weeks or birth weight under 1500 g, admitted from April 2022 to August 2024, were assessed. Demographic characteristics, medications, blood and urine parameters, renal ultrasonography, and complications were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regression. Significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.
Results:
Among 120 infants, 30 (25%) had nephrocalcinosis (cases), 12 (40%) of whom also had nephrolithiasis. Gestational age was lower in cases (26.16 ± 1.42 weeks vs. 28.95 ± 1.87 weeks, p &lt; 0.001), birth weight was lower (907 ± 152 g vs. 1169 ± 187 g, p &lt; 0.001), urine calcium-to-creatinine ratio &gt; 0.8 (OR=8.45[CI:3.76-19.02]), family history of kidney disease (OR=5.12[95%CI:1.85-14.16]), mechanical ventilation &gt; 10 days (OR=2.92[CI:1.71-4.99]), corticosteroid use (OR=3.21[CI:1.31-7.85]), and vancomycin use (OR=2.76[CI:1.14-6.67) were independent risk factors for nephrocalcinosis.
Conclusion:
Nephrocalcinosis is a relatively common complication in premature infants with multiple contributing risk factors. Identifying these risk factors helps in prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, premature infant, Very low birth weight, Risk factors</keyword>
				<start_page>115</start_page>
				<end_page>122</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27514.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Nahideh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ekhlasi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>nahideh.ekhlasi@arums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>120817</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Lida</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ghorbani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>lindaghorbani2020@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120818</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mehrdad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mirzarahimi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>m.mirzarahimi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120820</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Khatereh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Isazadehfar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>kh.isazadehfar@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120819</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jafari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>z.jafari@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120821</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Risk factors for Postnatal Growth Failure in Premature babies less than 32 weeks at Neonatal Care Unit</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:This study aimed to establish the prevalence and the risk factors of PGF in preterm babies under the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashid Pediatric, and Maternity Teaching Hospitals, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.Material and Methods:The cross-sectional prospective design was used. The participants included preterm cases who were born at 32 weeks of gestation or below and were taken to the NICU at birth and up to two months of corrected age. The electronic clinical records were used to extract data, which consisted of maternal demographics, neonatal characteristics, feeding practices, and clinical complications. The anthropometric indices (weight, length, head circumference) were recorded at birth, 36 corrected gestational age (CGA), two months corrected age. A p-value&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:PGF was found in 70.4% of infants at 36 weeks CGA and continued at 46.3% at two months corrected age. Strong inverse associations between PGF and the birth weight (r = –0.482, P &lt; 0.001) and earlier initiation of enteral feeding (r = –0.394, P = 0.003) and between PGF and the gestational age (r=-0.300, P=-0.028) were observed. Correlations with positive values were observed between PGF and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC; r = 0.305, P ≤ 0.025), total parenteral nutrition (TPN) utilisation (r = 0.327, P ≤ 0.016), prolonged time to full enteral feeding (r = 0.453, P ≤ 0.001 There was a significant nutritional deficiency as human milk fortification (HMF) was missing in all the cases.Conclusions:Strong feeding guidelines, regular HMF, and improved post-discharge follow-up may significantly improve the developmental patterns and health outcomes in preterm population.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>preterm infants, Postnatal Growth Failure, Enteral feeding, Human milk fortification, Total parenteral nutrition</keyword>
				<start_page>123</start_page>
				<end_page>134</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27516.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Jamal</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammed Hussein</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jamal.lateef@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120825</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Pediatrician Lecturer, Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional of Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Alan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Abdullah Abdulrahman</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>alan.abdullah@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120826</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Assistant Professor in Pediatric and Consultant Neonatologist, Branch Of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine - University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional of Iraq.
3.	Chief Of Sulaimani Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashid Pediatric Hospital</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Tele-Rehabilitation in the Smartphone Era: Empowering Lung Transplant Recipients to Breathe Easier at Home</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Letter to the editor</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[  Lung transplantation is a life-saving intervention for individuals with end-stage pulmonary diseases. However, the post-transplant period requires rigorous rehabilitation to restore physical function and reduce risks such as infection or graft rejection. Traditional center-based rehabilitation can be burdensome due to travel demands, costs, and infection exposure risks for immunocompromised patients. Tele-rehabilitation hereafter referred to as tele-rehabilitation leverages smartphone technology to deliver remote, personalized care via apps, wearables, and virtual consultations. This approach has the potential to shift rehabilitative care to the home, empowering recipients in their recovery (1). Post-lung transplant recipients often experience muscle weakness and reduced exercise capacity. Regular physical activity is essential, yet adherence to in-person programs can be suboptimal due to logistical barriers. Preliminary evidence from lung transplant-specific studies, including pilot work and trial designs, suggests that smartphone-based tele-rehabilitation using step-counters, activity trackers, and coaching apps may enhance adherence and engagement through personalized goal-setting and remote progress monitoring (2,3). In broader chronic respiratory populations (e.g., COPD), similar digital interventions have shown benefits in these areas, providing supportive extrapolated evidence (3,4).  The potential benefits of tele-rehabilitation are multifactorial. It improves accessibility by reducing travel burden and infection risk a key advantage for immunosuppressed patients. Hybrid models combining virtual and in-person sessions add flexibility. Preliminary data from lung transplant-specific programs, such as the Lung Transplant Go (LTGO) pilot study and its subsequent randomized controlled trial design (5,6), along with evidence extrapolated from pulmonary rehabilitation in other chronic lung diseases, suggest potential improvements in functional capacity (e.g., six-minute walk distance) and patient-reported outcomes like motivation and self-efficacy (3,4). Remote monitoring may also offer cost-saving potential by reducing acute healthcare utilization.
  However, challenges must be addressed to fully realize tele-rehabilitation&#039;s potential. Technological access and digital literacy vary, risking a &quot;digital divide&quot; that could exacerbate inequities. Data privacy and security for transmitted health information raise important ethical and governance concerns. Clinically, the lack of direct supervision necessitates robust remote monitoring protocols, including defined thresholds for parameters like oxygen saturation and clear escalation pathways, to ensure patient safety particularly for detecting exercise-induced desaturation. While app-based behavioral features can support motivation, the absence of in-person social support may impact long-term engagement. Although evidence from COPD and related conditions is encouraging, rigorous lung transplant-specific randomized controlled trials remain limited, and more are needed to confirm efficacy and safety in this population (7,8). Implementation of tele-rehabilitation requires careful ethical and governance frameworks, including informed consent for data use, strategies to promote equitable access and bridge the digital divide, and clear clinical accountability for remote monitoring. Addressing these is essential for responsible scale-up.  Looking ahead, advances such as AI-driven analytics and enhanced wearable integration could refine remote care. Future policy and research should prioritize standardized, equitable protocols and high-quality, transplant-specific evidence (6). In conclusion, tele-rehabilitation offers a transformative opportunity for accessible, patient-centered support of lung transplant recipients. While preliminary evidence particularly from related fields and early transplant-specific studies is promising, overcoming technological, clinical, and ethical challenges is critical. Thoughtful integration of this technology can empower patients to manage their health and breathe easier in their post-transplant lives.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Tele-rehabilitation, Smartphone, Lung Transplant Recipients</keyword>
				<start_page>135</start_page>
				<end_page>136</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27417.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>reza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>abdollahi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rezaabdollahi97@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120424</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>