<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Journal of Patient Safety &amp; Quality Improvement</title>
			<title_fa></title_fa>
			<short_title></short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2345-4482</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2345-4490</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>1</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>14</volume>
			<number>1</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>MRI Findings of the Pituitary Gland in Children with Growth Hormone Deficiency in Sulaimaniyah City – Iraq</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:One of the most common referrals to pediatric endocrinology clinics is for short stature, with the aim of ruling out growth hormone deficiency (GHD). This study aims to investigate MRI Findings of the Pituitary Gland in Children with GHD, in Sulaimaniyah City – Iraq.Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital, including 90 children (aged 2–16 years) diagnosed with GHD between 2020 and 2024. Demographic, clinical, hormonal, and MRI data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v28.0.Results:Demographic information of 90 children showed that Mean ± SD age of children was 9.47 ± 2.68 years. In terms of sex, 42 (46.7%) children were male and 48 (53.3%) children were female. The mean ± SD age at diagnosis of GHD in the children studied was 6.80 ± 1.92 years. MRI findings showed that the pituitary gland in the pediatric sample was normal in 77 (85.6%) cases. In 3 (3.3%) subjects pituitary hypoplasia was identified. In addition, mixed anomalies including pituitary hypoplasia in association with ectopic posterior pituitary, and pituitary microadenoma were also found in 2 (2.2%) children. MRI findings (brain abnormalities) were normal in 83 (92.2%) children, structural abnormalities in the brain were seen in 5 (5.6%) and midline defects were seen in 2 (2.2%) children.Conclusions:Most children with GHD had normal pituitary MRI, but structural abnormalities correlated with more severe hormonal deficiency and earlier, more severe clinical presentation. MRI is a valuable adjunct but should be interpreted alongside clinical and biochemical assessments.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>magnetic resonance imaging, Children, growth hormone deficiency, Pituitary, Brain, deficiency</keyword>
				<start_page>1</start_page>
				<end_page>10</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27123.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Honar Othman</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kareem</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>honarothmann@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119117</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Adnan Mohammed Hasan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hamawandi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>adnan.hasan@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>119118</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Professor of Pediatrics, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region/ Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Computational Design and Evaluation of Novel Rivastigmine Analogues Targeting hAChE in Alzheimer ’s disease</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by memory loss and cognitive decline. One therapeutic strategy involves inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine degradation in synaptic clefts. AChE inhibitors enhance cholinergic neurotransmission, thereby alleviating cognitive symptoms associated with AD. This study aimed to identify and evaluate novel AChE inhibitors structurally related to rivastigmine using computational techniques, including virtual screening and molecular docking, to discover potential lead compounds for AD therapy. Materials and Methods: The crystal structure of AChE (PDB ID: 6M0E) was obtained from the Protein Data Bank. Ligands with over 95% structural similarity to rivastigmine, based on the Tanimoto coefficient, were retrieved from PubChem. The ligands were energy-minimized and screened virtually using PyRx. Molecular docking was performed with AutoDock 4.2, and docking results were analyzed in terms of binding energy, inhibition constant (Ki), and interaction profiles to assess inhibitory potential.Results: Among the screened compounds, Ligand 13 exhibited the most favorable binding affinity, with a binding energy of –5.07 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 192.84 µM. Interaction analysis revealed that Ligand 13 formed three hydrogen bonds with key residues Ser215 and Arg177 in the AChE active site, suggesting stronger binding than rivastigmine.Conclusion: Ligand 13 emerged as a promising AChE inhibitor candidate for AD treatment. Further studies involving pharmacokinetic, toxicity, and experimental validation are necessary to confirm its therapeutic potential.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Acetylcholinesterase enzyme, Alzheimer’s disease, Bioinformatics, Moleular Docking, Proteins</keyword>
				<start_page>11</start_page>
				<end_page>18</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27124.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mehr Ali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mahmood Janlou</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>gan.mfs21@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119119</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , Go.C, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kordkatouli</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mohammad.kordkatouli@iau.ir</email>
				<code>119120</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, TeMS.C, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Advanced Maternal Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from a Clinical Study in Sulaimania, Iraq</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with multifactorial etiology. Advanced Maternal Age (AMA), defined as maternal age ≥35 years at childbirth, has been proposed as a potential risk factor for ASD. This study examined the association between AMA and ASD prevalence among children. Materials and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 mother–child dyads referred to the Committee for Diagnosing Mental Health at Shaheed Hemin Hospital in 2023. ASD diagnoses were established by a multidisciplinary committee consisting of psychiatrists, a pediatric neurologist, a psychologist, and a special education expert, following standardized clinical criteria. Maternal age was categorized as Adolescent (&lt;20 years), Ideal (20–34 years), or Advanced (≥35 years). Associations between maternal age group and ASD diagnosis were evaluated using Chi-square tests.Results: A statistically significant association was found between maternal age group and ASD diagnosis. A higher proportion of ASD cases occurred among children born to mothers aged ≥35 years. Males represented 83% of diagnosed cases, yielding a male-to-female ratio of 4.9:1, which was also statistically significant. The mean maternal age at childbirth was 31.0 years, and the mean child age at presentation was 6.7 years. The most frequent age at diagnosis was 6 years.Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between advanced maternal age and increased ASD risk within a clinical cohort from the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. These findings contribute region-specific epidemiological evidence and underscore the importance of incorporating maternal age considerations into early ASD screening and counseling protocols in comparable populations.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Autism, Autism spectrum disorder, advanced maternal age, Children, Sulaimania</keyword>
				<start_page>19</start_page>
				<end_page>26</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27125.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mer</first_name>
				<middle_name>M</middle_name>
				<last_name>Omar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>119125</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Daniel</first_name>
				<middle_name>S</middle_name>
				<last_name>Hamid</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>daniel.hamid@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>119126</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Van</first_name>
				<middle_name>K</middle_name>
				<last_name>Qadir</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rovedar.rbesjournal@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119127</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hoya H</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Omar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hoyaahogr@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120197</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes for Femoral Shaft Nonunion Fixed with Intramedullary Nail, with Addition of Plate and Bone Graft</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Femoral shaft nonunion is a serious and challenging complication following intramedullary nailing requiring effective interventions to achieve successful bone union.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 20 patients with femoral shaft nonunion previously treated with intramedullary nailing underwent revision surgery with augmentation plating and bone grafting.Results:The mean age of patients was 42.5 years, and 90% achieved complete bone union. The average union time was 16.2 weeks. Factors influencing outcomes included age, underlying diseases, fracture type, and the time to revision surgery. Compared to a historical control group treated with revision nailing alone, this study showed significantly reduced healing time and improved function. Limited complications included superficial infections managed conservatively.Conclusion:The findings highlight augmentation plating and bone grafting as an effective and reliable approach for treating femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing. Future prospective studies with larger samples and long-term follow-up are recommended to assess treatment durability and possible complications. Additionally, investigating factors affecting recovery and quality of life could improve treatment protocols.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>nonunion, Femoral shaft fracture, augmentation plating, Bone graft, Revision surgery</keyword>
				<start_page>27</start_page>
				<end_page>33</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27126.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Reza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Noktehsanj</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>r.noktehsanj@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119128</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ali</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Nami</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ali.nami.damirchi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119129</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Saeed</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Sadeghieh Ahari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>s.sadeghieh@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119130</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Amir</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Javadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>amirjavadi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119131</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Fatemi Hospital, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Evaluation of Cortisol Hormone Levels among Miscarriage Women with Toxoplasmosis in Suleimani Province</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among women with a history of miscarriage in Sulaimani City, Iraq, and to assess its association with serum cortisol levels in relation to sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 women who experienced miscarriage. Sociodemographic information, clinical history, and behavioral data were collected using structured questionnaires. Serum samples were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies as well as cortisol levels through electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Cobas e 411). Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression to identify potential risk factors associated with Toxoplasma positivity.Results: Out of 119 women, 28 (23.5%) tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The highest prevalence was recorded in women aged 27–36 years (56.0%, p=0.001). Educational status showed a significant association, with women having only primary education exhibiting the highest seropositivity (50.0%, p=0.019). No significant differences were found between urban and rural participants (p=0.563). Regarding cortisol levels, most participants (74.8%) had values within the normal range, while 7.6% had low and 17.6% had elevated cortisol levels. However, cortisol status was not significantly associated with Toxoplasma seropositivity (p=0.765).Conclusion: The study demonstrates cortisol levels did not show a significant association with infection status, these findings emphasize the importance of targeted education, awareness, and screening programs. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to clarify causal pathways and better prevent pregnancy complications related to toxoplasmosis.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Cortisol, Miscarriage, Gestational Age, Pregnancy stress, Toxoplasma gondii</keyword>
				<start_page>35</start_page>
				<end_page>40</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27127.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Chra</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>M. Kader</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>chramohammad90@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119132</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>MSc. Student, College of Medicine, University of Suleimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Latif</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Omer Mohammed</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>119133</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>College of Medicine, University of Suleimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region-Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Incidence and Risk Factors of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants Below 32 Weeks of Gestation</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major cause of morbidity in preterm infants, particularly those born at &lt;32 weeks of gestation. This study aimed to determine the incidence and severity of BPD and identify associated risk factors in a high-risk neonatal population in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.Materials and Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted over 12 months (January–December 2025) across two tertiary NICUs. Preterm infants born at &lt;32 weeks and admitted within 24 hours of birth were included. Data were extracted from medical records, and BPD was diagnosed and graded at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age.Results:Twenty preterm infants were included. Most were male (70%) and had a birth weight between 500–999 g (70%). BPD incidence was 100%, with 16 (80%) cases classified as severe and 4 (20%) as moderate. Recurrent apnea was experienced by 10 (50%) infants and was the only factor significantly associated with BPD severity (p=0.043). Other factors, including gestational age, birth weight, mechanical ventilation, and antenatal steroid administration, showed no significant association. Logistic regression revealed no statistically significant predictors of BPD severity.Conclusion:The study found a high incidence of severe BPD among infants born before 32 weeks. Recurrent apnea was significantly associated with severe BPD, indicating a need for early detection and targeted interventions. Larger multicenter studies with extended follow-up are needed to validate these findings and better understand the multifactorial etiology of BPD.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Apnea, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Infant, Intensive Care Unit</keyword>
				<start_page>41</start_page>
				<end_page>49</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27129.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Kamaran Omara Hama</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>karim</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>kamaranomar156@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119138</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Alan abdulla</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>abdurahman</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>alan.abdullah@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>119139</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Associate Professor, Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region of Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Proactive Clinical Auditing and Continuous Surgical Practice Monitoring in Reducing the Rate of Negative Appendectomy in Children</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Brief Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Acute appendicitis is the most common intra-abdominal paediatric surgical emergency, with appendectomy being its standard treatment. In most centres, acute appendectomy is performed based on clinical diagnosis and hence has been associated with a negative appendectomy rate of 10-25%. Negative appendectomy has been associated with morbidity to the extent of 10-12% and mortality of 1%. We herein present our experience with proactive clinical auditing and a surgical monitoring approach in reducing the rate of negative appendectomy in children.Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical audit in a tertiary pediatric surgical center. All children with suspected acute abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis were treated on a standardized clinical pathway. The diagnostic workup included clinical scoring (Alvarado score), laboratory studies, and imaging (ultrasound and CT, as needed). All cases undergoing appendectomy were evaluated through histopathology. Negative appendectomy cases were reviewed weekly. Diagnostic and management algorithms were modified for subsequent cases.Results:Implementation of proactive auditing and continuous monitoring reduced the negative appendectomy rate to below 2%. This compares with the 10-25% rate reported in the literature. Multidisciplinary case discussions and real-time feedback helped identify diagnostic pitfalls. These efforts also refined clinical pathways.Conclusion: Proactive auditing and surgical monitoring appear effective in minimizing negative appendectomy rates. This approach improves compliance with diagnostic protocols, enhances surgical decision-making, and reduces morbidity associated with negative appendectomy.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Paediatric appendicitis, negative appendectomy, Proactive auditing, surgical monitoring, Continuous quality improvement</keyword>
				<start_page>51</start_page>
				<end_page>57</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27132.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Dalia</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Abdulrahman</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>daliadiary2003@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119151</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Medical Student Dubai Medical University.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mamoun</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>AlMarzouqi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mamoun.almazrouqi@dubaihealth.ae</email>
				<code>119155</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Paediatric surgery, Al Jalila Children Hospital, Dubai</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Vipul</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Gupta</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>drvipul7577@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119156</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of pediatric surgery, Al Jalila children hospital</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammed</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Alblooshi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mohammed.alblooshu@dubaihealth.ae</email>
				<code>119152</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical fellow, department of Pediatric Surgery</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Ghadir</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>JAber</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ghadir.jaber@dubaihealth.ae</email>
				<code>119153</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Consultant Pediatric Surgeon, Al JAlila Children Hospital</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Diary</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammed</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>damohammed@dubaihealth.ae</email>
				<code>119154</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Surgery, Al Jalila children Hospital, dubai</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The Correlation of Allergic Sensitization (IgE and Eosinophil Count) with Wheezy Chest in School-Aged Children and Adolescents in Sulaimani City</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Introduction:Wheezing in children is a common symptom of respiratory disorders and is associated with allergic sensitization. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between biomarkers of allergic sensitization (serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and peripheral eosinophil count) and the severity of wheezing symptoms among school-aged children and adolescents in Sulaimani City. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2025 at two major pediatric respiratory centers. Ninety-five children aged 6–18 years with documented wheeze were recruited consecutively. Demographics, clinical history, environmental exposures, and spirometry data were collected. Serum IgE levels and eosinophil counts were measured.  Continuous variables were reported as mean ± standard deviation, while categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages Spirometry results, both pre- and post-bronchodilator, were categorized into severe, moderate, or mild obstruction based on FEV1 values.Results: The mean age of the subjects was 9.6 years, with 71.6% being male. In a study of 66 children with asthma, pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry revealed a reduction in the proportion of children with severe persistent asthma after bronchodilator use (from 25.8% to underwent 13.3%). Among the 30 children post-bronchodilator testing, 64.3% showed a positive response (≥12% increase in FEV1), indicating reversible airway obstruction. These results highlight the effectiveness of bronchodilators in improving pulmonary function in children with asthma.Conclusion: Higher IgE and eosinophil levels strongly correlate with wheezing severity. Including these biomarkers in routine assessment is advisable, especially where environmental or family atopic risk is high.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Absolute eosinophil count, Allergy, Asthma, IgE immunoglobulin</keyword>
				<start_page>59</start_page>
				<end_page>70</end_page>
				<web_url>https://psj.mums.ac.ir/article_27133.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Pishdar</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Abdullah Ismael</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>pishdar2010@gmail.com</email>
				<code>119157</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Al Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Aso</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Faeq Salih</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>aso.salih@univsul.edu.iq</email>
				<code>119158</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Professor of Pediatric Cardiology, Clinical Science Branch , College of Medicine, University of Al Sulaimani, Kurdistan region.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Kamaran</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Karadakhy</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rahim.abdulkarimi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>119159</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Consultant Pulmonologist &amp; Consultant Internist, Clinical Science Branch , College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region of Iraq.</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>